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CG320SA Semi-auto Cylindrical Grinding Machine
CG320SA Semi-auto Cylindrical Grinding Machine, whose cutting grinding and longitudinal grinding can be controlled by the sizematic system or automatic gauge, are suitable for processing small-lot or batched parts.
- CG320SA Semi-auto Cylindrical Grinding MachineDownload
Technical parameters
Applications
3.2 Fixed-distance semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
3.3 Automatic gauge controlling semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
Features
1. The hydraulic driving system adopts screw pump, so the machine can run smoothly with low noise.
2. The wheel head uses sleeve-type hydrodynamic bearing, gaining the features of high rotation precision and rigidity.
3. The feeding guideway uses plastic-coated guideway, improving the stability and vibration resistance in low-speed running.
4. The machine has the following features: high machining accuracy, rational overall layout, attractive appearance, centralized and visualized operating handles, and simple and safe operation.
5. The semi-automatic machines, whose cutting grinding and longitudinal grinding can be controlled by the sizematic system or automatic gauge, are suitable for processing small-lot or batched parts. All the grinding functions and movement sequences in the machining cycle are controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
Cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside of an object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes, however the object must have a central axis of rotation. This includes but is not limited to such shapes as a cylinder, an ellipse, a cam, or a crankshaft.
A cylindrical grinder
Cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine is defined as having four essential actions:
The work (object) must be constantly rotating;
The grinding wheel must be constantly rotating;
The grinding wheel is fed towards and away from the work;
Either the work or the grinding wheel is traversed with respect to the other.
While the majority of cylindrical grinders employ all four movements, there are grinders that only employ three of the four actions.
History of cylindrical grinder
The origins of the cylindrical grinder, as with all other modern machine tools, stem from the experimentation and invention of John Wilkinson and later Henry Maudslay who built the first horizontal boring machine and the first engine lathe, respectively. The cylindrical grinder owes much of its development from the onset of the Industrial Revolution, particularly to the advent of reliable, inexpensive steel production and later the improvement of the grinding wheel. The basis for the modern day cylindrical grinder was first built in the 1830s by two men working independently, Jonathan Bridges and James Wheaton . It is unclear as to which man had first produced the machine but both are closely tied to the first historical appearance of the modern day tool. It took another 40 years before further improvement and refinement of the tool occurred.
The Brown & Sharpe company in Providence, RI was one of the first builders of the Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine, one of the first piece of precision machinery to be used in a residential setting. Brown believed that the shaft and needle bars of the sewing machine must be crafted from hardened tool steel. It was this desire that led to their experimentation with building a cylindrical grinder. The first attempt was simply a small lathe with a grinding wheel mounted to it. Subsequent attempts led to the cylindrical grinder displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition and the subsequent patent.
Types of cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine
There are five different types of cylindrical grinding: outside diameter (OD) grinding, inside diameter (ID) grinding, plunge grinding, creep feed grinding, and centerless grinding.
Outside diameter grinding
OD grinding is grinding occurring on external surface a of an object between the centers. The centers are end units with a point that allow the object to be rotated. The grinding wheel is also being rotated in the same direction when it comes in contact with the object. This effectively means the two surfaces will be moving opposite directions when contact is made which allows for a smoother operation and less chance of a jam up.
Inside diameter grinding
ID grinding is grinding occurring on the inside of an object. The grinding wheel is always smaller than the width of the object. The object is held in place by a collet, which also rotates the object in place. Just as with OD grinding, the grinding wheel and the object rotated in opposite directions giving reversed direction contact of the two surfaces where the grinding occurs.
Plunge grinding
A form of OD grinding, however the major difference is that the grinding wheel makes continuous contact with a single point of the object instead of traversing the object.
Creep feed grinding
Creep Feed is a form of grinding where a full depth of cut is removed in a single pass of the wheel. Successful operation of this technique can reduce manufacturing time by 50%, but often the grinding machine being used must be designed specifically for this purpose. This form occurs in both cylindrical and surface grinding.
Centerless cylindrical grinder
A schematic of the centerless grinding process.
Centerless grinding is a form of grinding where there is no collet or pair of centers holding the object in place. Instead, there is a regulating wheel positioned on the opposite side of the object to the grinding wheel. A work rest keeps the object at the appropriate height but has no bearing on its rotary speed. The workblade is angled slightly towards the regulating wheel, with the workpiece centerline above the centerlines of the regulating and grinding wheel; this means that high spots do not tend to generate corresponding opposite low spots, and hence the roundness of parts can be improved. Centerless grinding is much easier to combine with automatic loading procedures than centered grinding; throughfeed grinding, where the regulating wheel is held at a slight angle to the part so that there is a force feeding the part through the grinder, is particularly efficient.
Control methods
There are three basics ways in which an operator can interact with a cylindrical grinder. Either manual manipulation of the machine, Numerical Control with a punched card system or using Computer Numerical Control using a pre existing interface designed for that machine or by using a PC as an interface to communicate with the grinder. The first two options are rarely if ever used today. CNC operated cylindrical grinders are the most technologically advanced, efficient, reliable systems in the manufacturing industry.
Applications
The cylindrical grinder is responsible for a plethora of innovations and inventions in the progression of science and technology. Any situation in which extremely precise metalworking is required, the cylindrical grinder is able to provide a high level of precision.[citation needed] From the automotive industry to military applications, the benefits of the cylindrical grinder are numerous.
| Model | CG320 SA | |
|---|---|---|
| Distance between centers | 1080mm |
|
| Center height | 180mm | |
| Max. swiveling diameter | Φ350 mm | |
| Max. grinding length | 1000mm |
|
| Grinding range | Φ5~Φ320mm | |
| Max. weight of workpiece between centers | 100kg | |
| Max. weight of workpiece in chuck | 30kg | |
| Swiveling angle of table | Clockwise | 3° (1000) |
| Counter-clockwise | 7° (1000) | |
| Grinding wheel | Dimensions (OD × W × ID) | Φ400×(32~50)×203mm (16x(1.3-2)x8”) |
| Max. linear velocity | 35m/s | |
| Table movement per rev of hand wheel | 10 mm | |
| Hydraulic control speed | 0.1-3 m/min | |
| Swiveling angle of wheelhead | Clockwise | 3° |
| Counter-clockwise | 3° | |
| Travel | 150mm (5.9”) | |
| Feed movement of manual control | 70mm (2.8”) | |
| Rapid travel of hydraulic control | 35mm (1.6”) | |
| Cross feed of wheelhead | Per rev of hand wheel | 1mm |
| Micro feeding | 0.002mm | |
| Rough feed cutting speed | 0.08-1mm/min; stepless | |
| Fine feed cutting speed | 0.06-0.5mm/min; stepless | |
| Automatic feed depth | 0.45mm | |
| Automatic endpoint rough feed | 0.002-0.02mm | |
| Automatic endpoint fine feed | 0.001-0.01mm | |
| Workhead | Spindle speed | 63/125/250/500 r/min |
| Swiveling angle (counter-clockwise) | 90° | |
| Spindle taper | MT4 | |
| Tailstock | Manual travel of center sleeve mm | 25 (1”) |
| Taper of center sleeve | MT4 | |
| Hydraulic system | Flow of pump | 14L/min |
| System working pressure | 0.8-1MPa | |
| Capacity of oil tank | 200L | |
| Coolant system | Flow of oil pump | 22L/min |
| Capacity of coolant tank | 130L | |
| Cylindrical grinding motor power | 4 kW | |
| Cylindrical grinding motor speed | 1500 r/min | |
| Workhead motor power | 0.75 kW | |
| Workhead motor speed | 1000 r/min | |
| Oil pump motor power | 1.1 kW | |
| Oil pump motor speed | 1500 r/min | |
| Cooling pump motor power | 0.125 kW | |
| Cooling pump motor speed | 3000 r/min | |
| Net weight | 3100kg | |
| Gross weight | 3600kg | |
| Packing dimension (L x W x H) | 3950×2150×2280mm | |
Applications
1. Application: The machine is used for the external surface grinding of cylindrical and conical work pieces;
2. Scope of application: The machine is suitable for the machining of small-lot shafts and sleeve parts in the machining workshop, tool workshop, overhaul workshop, etc.;
3. Operation mode:
3.1 Manual operation: longitudinal grinding, plunge-cutting grinding.3.2 Fixed-distance semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
3.3 Automatic gauge controlling semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
Features
1. The hydraulic driving system adopts screw pump, so the machine can run smoothly with low noise.
2. The wheel head uses sleeve-type hydrodynamic bearing, gaining the features of high rotation precision and rigidity.
3. The feeding guideway uses plastic-coated guideway, improving the stability and vibration resistance in low-speed running.
4. The machine has the following features: high machining accuracy, rational overall layout, attractive appearance, centralized and visualized operating handles, and simple and safe operation.
5. The semi-automatic machines, whose cutting grinding and longitudinal grinding can be controlled by the sizematic system or automatic gauge, are suitable for processing small-lot or batched parts. All the grinding functions and movement sequences in the machining cycle are controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
Cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside of an object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes, however the object must have a central axis of rotation. This includes but is not limited to such shapes as a cylinder, an ellipse, a cam, or a crankshaft.
A cylindrical grinder
Cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine is defined as having four essential actions:
The work (object) must be constantly rotating;
The grinding wheel must be constantly rotating;
The grinding wheel is fed towards and away from the work;
Either the work or the grinding wheel is traversed with respect to the other.
While the majority of cylindrical grinders employ all four movements, there are grinders that only employ three of the four actions.
History of cylindrical grinder
The origins of the cylindrical grinder, as with all other modern machine tools, stem from the experimentation and invention of John Wilkinson and later Henry Maudslay who built the first horizontal boring machine and the first engine lathe, respectively. The cylindrical grinder owes much of its development from the onset of the Industrial Revolution, particularly to the advent of reliable, inexpensive steel production and later the improvement of the grinding wheel. The basis for the modern day cylindrical grinder was first built in the 1830s by two men working independently, Jonathan Bridges and James Wheaton . It is unclear as to which man had first produced the machine but both are closely tied to the first historical appearance of the modern day tool. It took another 40 years before further improvement and refinement of the tool occurred.
The Brown & Sharpe company in Providence, RI was one of the first builders of the Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine, one of the first piece of precision machinery to be used in a residential setting. Brown believed that the shaft and needle bars of the sewing machine must be crafted from hardened tool steel. It was this desire that led to their experimentation with building a cylindrical grinder. The first attempt was simply a small lathe with a grinding wheel mounted to it. Subsequent attempts led to the cylindrical grinder displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exposition and the subsequent patent.
Types of cylindrical grinder/Cylindrical Grinding Machine
There are five different types of cylindrical grinding: outside diameter (OD) grinding, inside diameter (ID) grinding, plunge grinding, creep feed grinding, and centerless grinding.
Outside diameter grinding
OD grinding is grinding occurring on external surface a of an object between the centers. The centers are end units with a point that allow the object to be rotated. The grinding wheel is also being rotated in the same direction when it comes in contact with the object. This effectively means the two surfaces will be moving opposite directions when contact is made which allows for a smoother operation and less chance of a jam up.
Inside diameter grinding
ID grinding is grinding occurring on the inside of an object. The grinding wheel is always smaller than the width of the object. The object is held in place by a collet, which also rotates the object in place. Just as with OD grinding, the grinding wheel and the object rotated in opposite directions giving reversed direction contact of the two surfaces where the grinding occurs.
Plunge grinding
A form of OD grinding, however the major difference is that the grinding wheel makes continuous contact with a single point of the object instead of traversing the object.
Creep feed grinding
Creep Feed is a form of grinding where a full depth of cut is removed in a single pass of the wheel. Successful operation of this technique can reduce manufacturing time by 50%, but often the grinding machine being used must be designed specifically for this purpose. This form occurs in both cylindrical and surface grinding.
Centerless cylindrical grinder
A schematic of the centerless grinding process.
Centerless grinding is a form of grinding where there is no collet or pair of centers holding the object in place. Instead, there is a regulating wheel positioned on the opposite side of the object to the grinding wheel. A work rest keeps the object at the appropriate height but has no bearing on its rotary speed. The workblade is angled slightly towards the regulating wheel, with the workpiece centerline above the centerlines of the regulating and grinding wheel; this means that high spots do not tend to generate corresponding opposite low spots, and hence the roundness of parts can be improved. Centerless grinding is much easier to combine with automatic loading procedures than centered grinding; throughfeed grinding, where the regulating wheel is held at a slight angle to the part so that there is a force feeding the part through the grinder, is particularly efficient.
Control methods
There are three basics ways in which an operator can interact with a cylindrical grinder. Either manual manipulation of the machine, Numerical Control with a punched card system or using Computer Numerical Control using a pre existing interface designed for that machine or by using a PC as an interface to communicate with the grinder. The first two options are rarely if ever used today. CNC operated cylindrical grinders are the most technologically advanced, efficient, reliable systems in the manufacturing industry.
Applications
The cylindrical grinder is responsible for a plethora of innovations and inventions in the progression of science and technology. Any situation in which extremely precise metalworking is required, the cylindrical grinder is able to provide a high level of precision.[citation needed] From the automotive industry to military applications, the benefits of the cylindrical grinder are numerous.
Features
1. The hydraulic driving system adopts screw pump, so the machine can run smoothly with low noise.
2. The wheel head uses sleeve-type hydrodynamic bearing, gaining the features of high rotation precision and rigidity.
3. The feeding guideway uses plastic-coated guideway, improving the stability and vibration resistance in low-speed running.
4. The machine has the following features: high machining accuracy, rational overall layout, attractive appearance, centralized and visualized operating handles, and simple and safe operation.
5. The semi-automatic machines, whose cutting grinding and longitudinal grinding can be controlled by the sizematic system or automatic gauge, are suitable for processing small-lot or batched parts. All the grinding functions and movement sequences in the machining cycle are controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
1. The hydraulic driving system adopts screw pump, so the machine can run smoothly with low noise.
2. The wheel head uses sleeve-type hydrodynamic bearing, gaining the features of high rotation precision and rigidity.
3. The feeding guideway uses plastic-coated guideway, improving the stability and vibration resistance in low-speed running.
4. The machine has the following features: high machining accuracy, rational overall layout, attractive appearance, centralized and visualized operating handles, and simple and safe operation.
5. The semi-automatic machines, whose cutting grinding and longitudinal grinding can be controlled by the sizematic system or automatic gauge, are suitable for processing small-lot or batched parts. All the grinding functions and movement sequences in the machining cycle are controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
Technical parameters
| Model | CG320 SA | |
|---|---|---|
| Distance between centers | 1080mm |
|
| Center height | 180mm | |
| Max. swiveling diameter | Φ350 mm | |
| Max. grinding length | 1000mm |
|
| Grinding range | Φ5~Φ320mm | |
| Max. weight of workpiece between centers | 100kg | |
| Max. weight of workpiece in chuck | 30kg | |
| Swiveling angle of table | Clockwise | 3° (1000) |
| Counter-clockwise | 7° (1000) | |
| Grinding wheel | Dimensions (OD × W × ID) | Φ400×(32~50)×203mm (16x(1.3-2)x8”) |
| Max. linear velocity | 35m/s | |
| Table movement per rev of hand wheel | 10 mm | |
| Hydraulic control speed | 0.1-3 m/min | |
| Swiveling angle of wheelhead | Clockwise | 3° |
| Counter-clockwise | 3° | |
| Travel | 150mm (5.9”) | |
| Feed movement of manual control | 70mm (2.8”) | |
| Rapid travel of hydraulic control | 35mm (1.6”) | |
| Cross feed of wheelhead | Per rev of hand wheel | 1mm |
| Micro feeding | 0.002mm | |
| Rough feed cutting speed | 0.08-1mm/min; stepless | |
| Fine feed cutting speed | 0.06-0.5mm/min; stepless | |
| Automatic feed depth | 0.45mm | |
| Automatic endpoint rough feed | 0.002-0.02mm | |
| Automatic endpoint fine feed | 0.001-0.01mm | |
| Workhead | Spindle speed | 63/125/250/500 r/min |
| Swiveling angle (counter-clockwise) | 90° | |
| Spindle taper | MT4 | |
| Tailstock | Manual travel of center sleeve mm | 25 (1”) |
| Taper of center sleeve | MT4 | |
| Hydraulic system | Flow of pump | 14L/min |
| System working pressure | 0.8-1MPa | |
| Capacity of oil tank | 200L | |
| Coolant system | Flow of oil pump | 22L/min |
| Capacity of coolant tank | 130L | |
| Cylindrical grinding motor power | 4 kW | |
| Cylindrical grinding motor speed | 1500 r/min | |
| Workhead motor power | 0.75 kW | |
| Workhead motor speed | 1000 r/min | |
| Oil pump motor power | 1.1 kW | |
| Oil pump motor speed | 1500 r/min | |
| Cooling pump motor power | 0.125 kW | |
| Cooling pump motor speed | 3000 r/min | |
| Net weight | 3100kg | |
| Gross weight | 3600kg | |
| Packing dimension (L x W x H) | 3950×2150×2280mm | |
Applications
3.2 Fixed-distance semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
3.3 Automatic gauge controlling semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
1. Application: The machine is used for the external surface grinding of cylindrical and conical work pieces;
2. Scope of application: The machine is suitable for the machining of small-lot shafts and sleeve parts in the machining workshop, tool workshop, overhaul workshop, etc.;
3. Operation mode:
3.1 Manual operation: longitudinal grinding, plunge-cutting grinding.3.2 Fixed-distance semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
3.3 Automatic gauge controlling semi-automatic grinding cycle: longitudinal & plunge-cutting grinding cycle.
Products
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Knee Type Milling Machine: Precision Versatility for Industrial Manufacturing
What is a Knee Type Milling Machine?
A knee type milling machine is a fundamental machine tool distinguished by its vertically adjustable worktable mounted on a "knee" casting. This knee moves precisely up and down a fixed column via a screw mechanism, enabling accurate Z-axis positioning crucial for diverse milling operations.
Working Principle
The core principle involves a rotating milling cutter removing material from a workpiece secured to the table. The adjustable knee mechanism allows controlled vertical movement (Z-axis), while the table provides longitudinal (X-axis) and transverse (Y-axis) travel. This 3-axis control facilitates complex machining of flat, angular, and contoured surfaces.
Key Applications
- Tool & Die Making: Precision molds, jigs, fixtures
- Prototyping: Rapid part development
- Maintenance Shops: Equipment repair & part fabrication
- General Machining: Slotting, drilling, facing, keyway cutting
- Aerospace & Automotive: Component manufacturing
Distinctive Features & Advantages
- Vertical Adjustability: Knee movement enables quick workpiece height changes
- Rigid Construction: Robust cast iron frame ensures stability
- Manual & CNC Options: Traditional control or computer numerical precision
- Turret Design (Common): Swiveling milling head for multi-angle machining
- Wide Workpiece Compatibility: Handles various sizes and shapes
Primary Classifications
- Vertical Knee Mill: Spindle axis perpendicular to table (most common)
- Horizontal Knee Mill: Spindle axis parallel to table (for heavy stock removal)
- Universal Knee Mill: Table swivels for complex angular cuts
- Turret Mill: Head rotates on turret for flexible positioning
Main Components
- Base & Column: Primary support structure
- Knee: Vertically moving saddle supporting the table
- Saddle & Table: Hold and position the workpiece (X/Y axes)
- Milling Head: Houses spindle, motor, and quill (Z-axis)
- Arbor/Spindle: Rotating shaft holding cutting tools
- Controls: Manual handwheels or CNC interface
Evolution & Industry Significance
Since their development in the late 19th century, knee-and-column mills revolutionized machining. The iconic Bridgeport design (1938) popularized the turret style. While CNC machining centers dominate high-volume production, knee mills remain indispensable for flexibility, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness in job shops, schools, and repair facilities worldwide.
Fortune Pacific: Your Knee Mill Solution
At Fortune Pacific, we engineer durable, high-precision knee type milling machines for demanding applications. Explore our range of vertical mills, horizontal mills, and CNC-ready models designed to enhance your workshop's capabilities. Discover the ideal machine for your metalworking, prototyping, or toolmaking needs.
Keywords: Knee Type Milling Machine, Vertical Milling Machine, Horizontal Mill, Turret Mill, Knee-and-Column Mill, Milling Machine for Sale, Industrial Milling, Metalworking Equipment, Workshop Machinery, CNC Mill, Toolroom Mill, Precision Machining, Fortune Pacific, Machine Tool Manufacturer.